I think the best approach for the garden layout would be to use raised beds along the south side of the yard. The soil there drains well and gets the most sunlight throughout the day. For tomatoes, you would want at least six hours of direct sun, so placing them on the west end would work well. The herbs can go closer to the house where it is convenient to step out and pick what you need. Basil, thyme, and rosemary all do fine with morning sun and afternoon shade. If you decide to add peppers, they can go next to the tomatoes since they have similar watering needs. For the pathway between beds, using wood chips rather than stone will be easier on your knees and help retain moisture in the soil. You might also consider installing a simple drip irrigation system on a timer so that watering is consistent even when you are busy with work. I can help you map out the exact spacing and recommend a soil mix if you decide to move forward with this plan.
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The reason I suggested the maple finish for the dining table is that it will lighten the room considerably compared to the darker walnut option. Maple has a more subtle grain pattern which works better if you plan to use a colored stain rather than a clear coat. For the legs, I would recommend a tapered design rather than turned because it gives a more modern silhouette while still being sturdy. You will need to account for the wood movement in the top by using breadboard ends or a figure-eight fastener. The dimensions you mentioned — 72 inches by 38 inches — will seat six people comfortably and allow for place settings on both sides. I would also add a 12-inch leaf option so that you can expand it for holidays. For the finish, a wipe-on polyurethane in a satin sheen will be durable enough for daily use and easy to repair if scratches occur. Let me know if you want to discuss joinery options for the aprons.