Elementary reading blocks vary widely in structure, despite state laws mandating evidence-based instruction that includes phonics, vocabulary and comprehension. Kindergarten teacher Anjanette McNeely integrates reading and writing throughout her day, blending social studies and science content, while first-grade teacher Jeannette Symmonds adjusts her schedule based on student needs, balancing foundational skills and content literacy.

Annotation, whether in print or digital form, is a potent tool for integrating reading and writing, says Remi Kalir of Duke University, citing decades of research showing that annotation improves reading comprehension, analytical skills and communication. Kalir, author of "Re/Marks on Power: How Annotation Inscribes History, Literacy, and Justice," emphasizes that annotation is a powerful strategy that complements other instructional practices.

Schools like Bow Memorial School in New Hampshire are leading efforts to implement structured literacy programs for middle-grades and high-school students struggling with foundational reading skills. These programs use systematic and targeted instruction with the goal of addressing gaps in decoding and word recognition, areas traditionally targeted in earlier grades but now recognized as persistent challenges for older students. Educators also emphasize the necessity of scheduling time for reading intervention, seeking out age-appropriate materials and coordinating initiatives across subjects.

Eighth-grade students in the Advancement Via Individual Determination program at three middle schools in Delaware have collaborated with kindergarten students at three elementary schools to create stuffed monsters inspired by "The Color Monster: A Story About Emotions" and "Go Away, Big Green Monster." The project, which aims to promote literacy, creativity and social-emotional learning, has been well received by students and teachers, who plan to continue similar collaborations.

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Fifth-grade students at Alfred Lima Elementary School in Providence, R.I., are challenging negative perceptions of local public schools through a bilingual news program, Lima News. The program, led by school librarian Tasha White, covers school events and issues such as media literacy, and has featured interviews with notable figures including Gov. Daniel McKee and Mayor Brett Smiley.

A Texas law banning "indecent" and "profane" books has led schools to seek compliance solutions. A tech startup called Bookmarked has introduced a tool that uses AI to flag potentially problematic books. While some librarians appreciate the tool for reassigning books, others and some parents question its necessity and effectiveness.

Principals are navigating challenges such as student performance, staffing shortages and the rise of AI-driven tools, Lisa Herring, CEO of New Leaders, says in this interview. Herring stresses the importance of preparation, continuous improvement and innovation in school leadership, and advises vendors to co-create products with educators and build strong relationships.