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What are the complications of early menopause and how can I reduce my risk of these outcomes? |
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Early menopause, defined as the onset of menopause before the age of 45, can lead to several significant health complications due to the early loss of estrogen. One of the primary concerns is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, as estrogen plays a protective role in heart and blood vessel health. People with early menopause are also more susceptible to osteoporosis and bone fractures because estrogen is crucial for maintaining bone density.
Cognitive decline and a higher risk of dementia have also been associated with early estrogen loss, alongside mood changes such as depression and anxiety. Additionally, early menopause can lead to sexual dysfunction, including vaginal dryness and decreased libido. There is also an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and early mortality. The risk and severity of these complications are generally greater the earlier menopause occurs.
To reduce these risks, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is often recommended, especially when initiated near the onset of menopause, as it can protect the heart, brain, and bones. MHT is typically continued until the average age of natural menopause (around 52 years).
A balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, combined with regular weight-bearing exercise, helps support bone health and cardiovascular function. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol intake, and engaging in regular physical activity is essential for overall well-being.
Mental health support through therapy, mindfulness practices, and, if necessary, medications can help manage mood symptoms. For sexual symptoms, local vaginal estrogen treatments or lubricants can offer relief. Regular health screenings, including bone density tests and cardiovascular risk assessments, are also critical for early detection and intervention.
If you suspect early menopause or are at risk due to medical treatments or family history, it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional about personalized strategies for managing your long-term health.
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| Did you go through menopause earlier than average? Let us know about your experience by emailing menopause@healthline.com, and the answer may be featured in an upcoming edition! |
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| HEALTHY TIP |
| Talk with family members about menopause |
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Genetics aren’t the sole factor influencing menopause timing, but they may play a role. By asking blood relatives about their experience with menopause, you may be able to learn information that can help you prepare for and navigate the transition with more ease.
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